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Key Specifications Table
| Species Reactivity | Key Applications | Host | Format | Antibody Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H, M, R, Ca, B | WB, IH(P) | Rb | Affinity Purified | Polyclonal Antibody |
| Description | |
|---|---|
| Catalogue Number | ABT28 |
| Description | Anti-Autotaxin Antibody |
| Alternate Names |
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| Background Information | Autotaxin (also known as Enpp2), an exo-enzyme that is upregulated in various cancers such as breast and lung cancer, is a secreted protein integral to the production of the lipid signaling molecule, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Wutotaxin is synthesized as a pre-pro-enzyme and stimulates cell proliferation, cell motility, and angiogenesis. Studies have shown increased expression of autotaxin in tumors is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness. |
| Product Information | |
|---|---|
| Format | Affinity Purified |
| Control |
|
| Presentation | Purified rabbit polyclonal in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide. |
| Quality Level | MQ100 |
| Applications | |
|---|---|
| Application | Detect Autotaxin using this Anti-Autotaxin Antibody validated for use in WB, IH(P). |
| Key Applications |
|
| Application Notes | Western Blot Analysis: 0.5 µg/mL from a representative lot detected Autotaxin in 10 µg of oligodendrocyte precursor cell lysate. Western Blot performed with Tween. Immunohistochemistry Analysis: A 1:400 dilution from a representative lot detected Autotaxin in human cerebral cortex and ductal carcinoma tissues. |
| Biological Information | |
|---|---|
| Immunogen | KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to human Autotaxin at the substrate binding region. |
| Epitope | Substrate binding region |
| Concentration | Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration. |
| Host | Rabbit |
| Specificity | This antibody recognizes Autotaxin at the substrate binding region. |
| Species Reactivity |
|
| Species Reactivity Note | Demonstrated to react with Human. Predicted to react with Mouse, Rat, Canine, and Bovine based on 100% sequence homology. |
| Antibody Type | Polyclonal Antibody |
| Entrez Gene Number |
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| Entrez Gene Summary | The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5 end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]. |
| Gene Symbol |
|
| Purification Method | Affinity Purfied |
| UniProt Number |
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| UniProt Summary | FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ethanolamine. COFACTOR: Binds 2 zinc ions per subunit (By similarity). Binds 1 calcium ion per subunit (By similarity). ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Inhibited by EDTA and EGTA Probable. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Note: Secreted by most body fluids including serum and CSF. Also by adipocytes and numerous cancer cells. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Predominantly expressed in brain, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Expressed in a number of carcinomas such as hepatocellular and prostate carcinoma, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Expressed in body fluids such as plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, follicular and amniotic fluids. Not detected in leukocytes. Isoform 1 is more highly expressed in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system (CNS). Adipocytes only express isoform 1. Isoform 3 is more highly expressed in the brain than in peripheral tissues. INDUCTION: Up-regulated in massively obese subjects with glucose intolerance, and during adipogenesis. PTM: N-glycosylation, but not furin-cleavage, plays a critical role on secretion and on lysoPLD activity (By similarity). It has been suggested that the active SMB domain may be permitted considerable disulfide bond heterogeneity or variability, thus two alternate disulfide patterns based on 3D structures are described with 1 disulfide bond conserved in both. SEQUENCE SIMILARITIESl Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family. Contains 2 SMB (somatomedin-B) domains. BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=0.5 mM for 16:0-LPC (at pH 8.5) KM=5.5 mM for pNP-TMP (at pH 8.5) KM=11.3 mM for pNppp (isoform 1) KM=5.7 mM for pNppp (isoform 2) KM=19.8 mM for pNppp (isoform 3) Vmax=1.9 nmol/min/µg enzyme with pNppp as substrate (isoform 1) Vmax=0.67 nmol/min/µg enzyme with pNppp as substrate (isoform 2) Vmax=1.6 nmol/min/µg enzyme with pNppp as substrate (isoform 3) pH dependence: Optimum pH is 9.0 (isoform 1), 8.0 (isoform 3). Isoform 1 is less sensitive to pH. Isoform 1, isoform 2 and isoform 3 all retain some activity at pH 9.5. Temperature dependence: Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are active from 45 to 60 degrees Celsius. |
| Molecular Weight | ~100/125 kDa observed. 3 isoforms are produced by alternative splicing with molecular weights of 99, 105, and 101 kDa. The calculated molecular weight of this protein is 99 kDa, but can be observed at ~125 kDa due to high glycosylation. An uncharacterized band may appear at ~35 kDa in some lysates. |
| Product Usage Statements | |
|---|---|
| Quality Assurance | Evaluated by Western Blot in oligodendrocyte precursor cell lysate. Western Blot Analysis: 0.5 µg/mL of this antibody detected Autotaxin in 10 µg of oligodendrocyte precursor cell lysate. Western Blot performed without Tween. |
| Usage Statement |
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| Storage and Shipping Information | |
|---|---|
| Storage Conditions | Stable for 1 year at 2-8°C from date of receipt. |
| Packaging Information | |
|---|---|
| Material Size | 100 µg |