Cayman Formoterol-13c-D3 (Hemifumarate); Purity- Greater Than Or

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) turnover is initiated by prolyl hydroxylases (PHD), which hydroxylate proline residues on HIF-1α, facilitating ubiquitination. PHD activity is linked to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, since the intermediate α-ketoglutarate is a PHD substrate and succinate and fumarate inhibit PHD. Mutations in enzymes associated with the TCA cycle occur in certain cancers. Octyl-α-ketoglutarate is a stable, cell-permeable form of α-ketoglutarate which accumulates rapidly and preferentially in cells with a dysfunctional TCA cycle. When used at 1 mM, it stimulates PHD activity, increasing HIF-1α turnover.^, In addition, octyl-α-ketoglutarate competitively blocks succinate- or fumarate-mediated inhibition of PHD.

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